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PosterThread
Fl@sh 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 1-May-2021 22:03:31
#401 ]
Regular Member
Joined: 6-Oct-2004
Posts: 253
From: Napoli - Italy

@NutsAboutAmiga

On gcc fsel instruction is enabled by apposite switch.
Not all ppc supports it, if I remember well all embedded cores are ok with this powerful instruction.
The same instruction instead is present on all AltiVec units but is referred to vectors.

I agree with you, to innovate you have to change.
So please, not related to you, don’t use old 68k cpu always as a good example, it made history but design isn’t more actual and have a lot of incongruences and limits.
Consider as example that same code is often incompatible among all models from 68000 to 68060 and for me this is unacceptable.
Especially comparing it with all x86 cpu flavors where compatibility is much more robust.

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NutsAboutAmiga 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 2-May-2021 8:08:17
#402 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 9-Jun-2004
Posts: 12795
From: Norway

@Fl@sh

Quote:
The same instruction instead is present on all AltiVec units but is referred to vectors.


but not all PowerPC has AltiVec, load/store is 128bit, max load/store for integer is 32bit (on 32bit PowerPC), and max load/store for float/doubles is 64bit.

When working on arrays I find 128bit to be too large, and 32bit to be too small, ideal size in some cases is 64bit, but doubles can’t be used in binary operations. Yes, I know integer registers are 64bit, but as long as it has to load it in as 32bit, it does not really help.

On the 68000 they had the foresight to include “move.l” despite the data bus only being 16bit, (and Address bus being only 24bit) so the code actually run faster on 32bit bus.

The idea behind 64bit PowerPC isa, is that you don’t need to have new instructions for 64bit as many of the instruction can simply be upgraded to support 64bit internally, so in a sense they reuse transistor logical, to save heat and power. And that’s way they are/where so popular in embedded stuff, I guess.

I have not really messed around in 64bit OS, seen some exsamples shifting in multiple values in register, it can also be that compiler is bit stupid, think about 64bit and 32bit as two different things, when most PowerPC CPU hybrid CPU’s, maybe we are not getting optimal code.

Last edited by NutsAboutAmiga on 02-May-2021 at 10:27 AM.
Last edited by NutsAboutAmiga on 02-May-2021 at 10:27 AM.
Last edited by NutsAboutAmiga on 02-May-2021 at 10:26 AM.
Last edited by NutsAboutAmiga on 02-May-2021 at 09:45 AM.
Last edited by NutsAboutAmiga on 02-May-2021 at 09:44 AM.

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Fl@sh 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 2-May-2021 11:37:12
#403 ]
Regular Member
Joined: 6-Oct-2004
Posts: 253
From: Napoli - Italy

@NutsAboutAmiga

You have to go with AltiVec, in integer datatype you can do all you need at max speed, the main difficulty I have encountered was how to control data flow without loose speed. Once you understand how to control it you have win and will get at least 3x performance against scalars.
I suggest you, if you want avoid asm, to go by C intrinsic functions, the code generated should be the same as asm.
In floats it’s limited to float32 datatype in old cpus.

If you don’t want to use AltiVec you have to go with normal cpu registers where of course all depends by implementations so on a 32bit os/cpu you’ll have 32bit access to memory.
On x86 there were some tricks to access to 64bit data’s also on 32 bit systems masking access and resulting in a sort of burst mode. I can be in error but this was introduced on intel Pentium 4 cpus.

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Hammer 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 3-May-2021 12:09:48
#404 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 9-Mar-2003
Posts: 5246
From: Australia

@matthey

Quote:

matthey wrote:
billt Quote:

And Risc-V is putting some dents in ARM's marketshare. The Nvidia thing brings some question marks into the ARM universe as well. Any fracturing of the ARM situation can be an opportunity. I think that if the Nvidia buyout does complete, then that would be a good thing for Power.


Assuming the Nvidia buyout of ARM opens up opportunities in the market, isn't POWER in a different market? The Libre project is one research project using POWER for embedded hardware with some weird extensions like a variable length encoding for CPU/GPU vector processors. At least RISC-V is focused on the embedded market and uses a variable length encoding to try to improve code density. POWER/PPC fans will likely say that code density doesn't matter but it has been the ISAs with the best code density which have dominated the embedded market starting with the 68k.

68k baseline
Thumb2 +2% code size
SuperH +16% code size
x86-64 +31% code size
RISCV64IMC +34% code size
AArch64 +50% code size
PPC +81% code size
MIPS +85% code size
SPARC +93% code size

Is it a coincident that the 68k, SuperH and then ARM Thumb2 cores were the best selling 32 bit cores in the embedded market? Can we see why Motorola lost the embedded market when they stopped developing the 68k and forced PPC into the embedded market? Do you still think POWER/PPC has an opportunity in the embedded market because of Nvidia buying ARM? Can we see that RISC-V would have an opportunity because of lack of code density competition?

Why compare 32bit 68K with 64-bit X86 when there's 32-bit X86?

For code density, from http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/papers/iccd09/ll_document.pdf refer to page 2
For Linux_Logo benchmark, 8086 has superior code density when compared to 68K

For LZSS decompression code,
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2

For size of string concatenation code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2

For size of string searching code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2


For size of integer printing code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2


I'm game for another ISA debate?

Last edited by Hammer on 03-May-2021 at 12:14 PM.
Last edited by Hammer on 03-May-2021 at 12:10 PM.

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matthey 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 4-May-2021 0:43:53
#405 ]
Super Member
Joined: 14-Mar-2007
Posts: 1968
From: Kansas

Hammer Quote:

Why compare 32bit 68K with 64-bit X86 when there's 32-bit X86?


I almost added x86 which is a few percent better than x86-64 but x86-64 is much more popular now. I also already had AArch64 which is 64 bit so it didn't seem out of place.

Hammer Quote:

For code density, from http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/papers/iccd09/ll_document.pdf refer to page 2
For Linux_Logo benchmark, 8086 has superior code density when compared to 68K


The 8086 program runs on MS DOS and has no header overhead. The competition requires the program to run on Linux. At the top of the page is the text, "31 Architectures, Smallest Linux executable is 870 bytes! (on m68k)". Out of 31 architectures, the 68k has the smallest Linux executable. The 8086 would likely win the contest if Linux supported the 8086. The contest program is small and does a lot of byte processing which the 8086 is excellent at.

Hammer Quote:

For LZSS decompression code,
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2

For size of string concatenation code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2

For size of string searching code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2

For size of integer printing code
X86-64 beats SH3
X86-64 beats Thumb-2


x86-64 code is compact for some algorithms. These examples were optimized for size which sometimes causes a large instruction count increase for x86-64 likely decreased performance. When optimizing for performance, x86-64 instruction counts drop but code density suffers. The 68k maintains low instructions counts and good code density whether optimizing for performance or size. SH-3 code density is worse than advertised and it always suffers from high instruction counts, often worse than x86-64. Thumb 2 looks to me like a superior ISA to SH-3. It requires more instructions than the original ARM encoding but not excessively considering the good code density and simpler decoding than CISC ISAs require. Where x86-64 beats Thumb2 in code density it is not by much and I would expect Thumb2 to have better code density overall, especially when optimizing for performance.

Hammer Quote:

I'm game for another ISA debate?


It would probably be better to move any code density debate to "The (Microprocessors) Code Density Hangout" thread. POWER/PPC and code density usually aren't mentioned together.

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simplex 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 4-May-2021 1:24:56
#406 ]
Cult Member
Joined: 5-Oct-2003
Posts: 896
From: Hattiesburg, MS

@matthey

Quote:
The 8086 would likely win the contest if Linux supported the 8086. The contest program is small and does a lot of byte processing which the 8086 is excellent at.

I know almost nothing about this, but I noticed that they author had mentioned 8086 was an 8/16 bit architecture, while 68k and many others were 32 bit. Could that be a contributing cause?

(I realize not all the 8-bit architectures had better code density, but I was wondering how a 6809 would do.)

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Hammer 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 6-May-2021 13:02:15
#407 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 9-Mar-2003
Posts: 5246
From: Australia

@matthey

Quote:

I almost added x86 which is a few percent better than x86-64 but x86-64 is much more popular now. I also already had AArch64 which is 64 bit so it didn't seem out of place.

68K is a 32bit CPU with 32-bit address space for 68020-to-68060, hence the apples to apple comparison should be i386.

X86-64 is used for high-end desktop and large server apps. x86-64 didn't remove IA-32 modes. X86-64 includes mandatory SSE2 SIMD which is missing on 68K.

Quote:

The 8086 program runs on MS DOS and has no header overhead. The competition requires the program to run on Linux. At the top of the page is the text, "31 Architectures, Smallest Linux executable is 870 bytes! (on m68k)". Out of 31 architectures, the 68k has the smallest Linux executable. The 8086 would likely win the contest if Linux supported the 8086. The contest program is small and does a lot of byte processing which the 8086 is excellent at.

For Linux logo, i386 is under 1024 bytes.

Linux-8086 is a subset of 32bit Linux. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset



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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 10-May-2021 9:18:05
#408 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

@thread

Some parts could be useful for old Altivec version?

Power Vector Library
https://github.com/open-power-sdk/pveclib

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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 27-May-2021 9:10:32
#409 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

@thread

https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/10/openpower_open_source_bmc/

https://libre-soc.org/22nm_PowerPI/

https://salsa.debian.org/Kazan-team/kazan

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Rose 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 27-May-2021 9:33:59
#410 ]
Cult Member
Joined: 5-Nov-2009
Posts: 982
From: Unknown

@AmigaBlitter

Quote:

AmigaBlitter wrote:
@thread

https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/10/openpower_open_source_bmc/

https://libre-soc.org/22nm_PowerPI/

https://salsa.debian.org/Kazan-team/kazan


Thanks for PowerPI link, best laugh of the week. What makes this hilarious is that the guy behind Libre Soc still havent managed to deliver EOMA68 SBC's which people paid in 2016 and on top of that this is based on CPU that is FAR from being complete.

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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 27-May-2021 9:35:30
#411 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

@thread

sorry, double post

Last edited by AmigaBlitter on 27-May-2021 at 09:36 AM.

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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 27-May-2021 11:21:24
#412 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

https://openpowerfoundation.org/openpower-foundation-announces-librebmc-a-power-based-fully-open-source-bmc/

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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 12-Jul-2021 18:13:37
#413 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

@thread

https://www.tomshardware.com/news/libre-soc-releases-first-non-ibm-openpower-chip-in-decade

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BigD 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 12-Jul-2021 18:19:40
#414 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 11-Aug-2005
Posts: 7307
From: UK

@AmigaBlitter

That’s an awesome achievement! I’m not sure what use it is to us but it should inspire the A1222 and PPC laptop teams to persevere!

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matthey 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 12-Jul-2021 20:57:58
#415 ]
Super Member
Joined: 14-Mar-2007
Posts: 1968
From: Kansas

BigD Quote:

That’s an awesome achievement! I’m not sure what use it is to us but it should inspire the A1222 and PPC laptop teams to persevere!


I doubt the ASIC will be useful yet. It is a small test ASIC likely with a few cores doing parallel workloads which could be scaled up later. The number of transistors is small and the chip process is very old.

130k logic gates is at least 780k transistors and likely many more.
180nm chip fab process

For perspective, the transistor count is probably most similar to a 68040 CPU. The 180nm process is old but much newer than anything during the CBM days which ranged from about 5,000nm for Amiga OCS chips and 3,500nm for the 68000 to about 1,500 nm for the AGA Lisa and 500nm for the 68060. Some Amiga users still use old Amigas with 5,000nm chips and tens of thousands of transistors per chip so it is possible to be useful with modest resources but half way modern CPU and GPU cores require a few more transistors. The current smallest used fab process is 5nm which is 1/1000 of the size of the OCS Amiga custom chips using a 5000nm process.

The cool part of the project is that it is as open as possible. Open hardware and software are more likely to be used by others especially if it is not leading edge technology. The project takes a little different approach with vector units instead of SIMD units so it will be interesting to see the performance and power efficiency. I doubt this ASIC is far enough along to gather too useful of stats though.

Last edited by matthey on 12-Jul-2021 at 09:10 PM.

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Hammer 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 15-Jul-2021 4:56:00
#416 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 9-Mar-2003
Posts: 5246
From: Australia

@matthey @BigD

180 nm is around the 1998 to 2002 time period.

A1222's QorIQ P1022 is fabricated on a 45 nm SOI process.

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Hammer 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 20-Jul-2021 7:47:08
#417 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 9-Mar-2003
Posts: 5246
From: Australia

@matthey

Quote:

matthey wrote:
BigD Quote:

That’s an awesome achievement! I’m not sure what use it is to us but it should inspire the A1222 and PPC laptop teams to persevere!


I doubt the ASIC will be useful yet. It is a small test ASIC likely with a few cores doing parallel workloads which could be scaled up later. The number of transistors is small and the chip process is very old.

130k logic gates is at least 780k transistors and likely many more.
180nm chip fab process

For perspective, the transistor count is probably most similar to a 68040 CPU. The 180nm process is old but much newer than anything during the CBM days which ranged from about 5,000nm for Amiga OCS chips and 3,500nm for the 68000 to about 1,500 nm for the AGA Lisa and 500nm for the 68060. Some Amiga users still use old Amigas with 5,000nm chips and tens of thousands of transistors per chip so it is possible to be useful with modest resources but half way modern CPU and GPU cores require a few more transistors. The current smallest used fab process is 5nm which is 1/1000 of the size of the OCS Amiga custom chips using a 5000nm process.

The cool part of the project is that it is as open as possible. Open hardware and software are more likely to be used by others especially if it is not leading edge technology. The project takes a little different approach with vector units instead of SIMD units so it will be interesting to see the performance and power efficiency. I doubt this ASIC is far enough along to gather too useful of stats though.

Samsung Exynos 2200 (for Galaxy S22) has "4 nm".

From https://www.hardwaretimes.com/intel-may-rename-its-7nm-process-node-to-5nm-to-highlight-similarity-w-tsmcs-5nm-euv-process/
Intel May Rename its 7nm Process Node to 5nm to Highlight Similarity w/ TSMC’s 5nm EUV Process



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AmigaBlitter 
Re: Some Power related news
Posted on 23-Aug-2021 11:09:39
#418 ]
Elite Member
Joined: 26-Sep-2005
Posts: 3512
From: Unknown

@thread

Having completely lost faith about current Amiga situation, i post this for anyone who may be interested

Power 10 Architecture explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27VRdI2BGWg&t=1198s



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